Plagiarism Policy

A strict anti-plagiarism policy is enforced to protect research integrity. All submissions may undergo similarity checking before peer review and again prior to acceptance when needed.

Manuscripts may be rejected if they include:

• copied text, ideas, figures, or data without proper attribution
• excessive or inappropriate reuse of the authors’ previously published work without disclosure
• redundant publication, duplicate submission, or “salami slicing” of substantially similar results

When potential overlap is detected, the editorial office may request an explanation and supporting documentation. Confirmed misconduct may result in immediate rejection and, where appropriate, notification to relevant institutions or funders.

If plagiarism or serious integrity concerns are identified after publication, the journal may issue a Correction, Expression of Concern, or Retraction to maintain the integrity of the scholarly record.

Authors are responsible for accurate citation, proper quotation, and obtaining permission for any third-party copyrighted material.